Transformer

Transformer

The transformer is a component of an electromagnet that can change the level of an AC voltage to a level that lain. Transformer or transformers are passive components are made of laminated wire coils, transformers have primary and secondary coils. Comparison of the number of windings and the diameter of the coils of wire on the primary and secondary will affect the comparison of current and voltage magnitude. The transformer consists of an iron core, primary coil and secondary coil. Sense transformers have two terminals, namely, the input terminal located on the primary coil, and the output terminal located on the secondary coil. With the transformer, generator (380 Volts), the transmission line (150 kV) electrical load and the load (220/230 Volt) can work simultaneously on different voltages.

The working principle of transformer

The transformer consists of two coils (primary and secondary) that is inductive. Both coils are electrically separate but magnetically connected through lines that have reluctance (reluctance) is low. If the primary coil is connected to the alternating voltage source is alternating flux will appear in the laminated core, because the coil form a closed network of the primary current flows. Due to the flux in the primary coil primary coil occurred at induction (self induction) and there were also induced in the secondary coil due to the influence of the induction coil called the primary or joint induction (mutual induction) that led to the emergence of magnetic flux in the secondary coil, the current flows secondary if the secondary circuit on overload, so that electrical energy can be transferred whole (the magnetization). The coils are connected with a source of alternating current is called the primary coil (input) and the other coil is called the secondary coil (output). Strong change of current in the coil primary cause changes in magnetic flux in the iron core. Change of magnetic flux in the iron core generate an emf induced in the secondary coil.

Es = Ns/Np . Ep

Ep : Es = Np : Ns

So if the secondary coil winding number greater than the number of primary coil winding, the secondary voltage is greater than the primary voltage (step-up transformer).

We assume no electrical energy is lost in the displacement of the primary coil to secondary coil is then:

Es .Is . t = Ep . Ip . t

Is = Ep / Es . Ip

Is = Np / Ns  . Ip

Ip : Is = Ns : Np

Of the relationship can be seen that if the number of windings on the secondary coil more, strong currents in the secondary coil is smaller than the strong current in the primary coil. In the secondary coil electric welding equipment consists of only a few turns only, hence the current is very large. Large currents capable of generating enormous heat.